1. Azotobacter
2. Lactobacillus
3. Saccharomyces
4. Penicillium
Saccharomyces
1. algae
2. fungi
3. cyanobacteria
4. viruses
viruses
1. A cell displaying a foreign antigen used for synthesis of antigens
2. Production of somaclonal variants in tissue cultures
3. When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop expression of a specific gene
4. RNA polymerase producing DNA
When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop expression of a specific gene
1. substrate
2. enzyme
3. end product
4. rise in temperature
end product
1. haploids are reproductively more stable than diploids
2. mutagenes penetrate in haploids more effectively than is diploids
3. haploids are more abundant in nature than diploids
4. all mutations, whether dominant or recessive are expressed in haploids
all mutations, whether dominant or recessive are expressed in haploids
1. hydrolytic enzymes
2. secretory glycoproteins
3. RNA and protein
4. fats (or sugars or ATP)
hydrolytic enzymes
1. B and D
2. C and D
3. A and C
4. A and B
A and C
1. lowering the activation energy of the reaction
2. combining with the product as soon as it is formed
3. forming a reactant-product complex
4. changing the equilibrium point of the reaction
lowering the activation energy of the reaction
1. Both lipids and proteins can flip-flop
2. While lipids can rarely flip-flop, proteins cannot
3. While proteins can flip-flop, lipids cannot
4. Neither lipids, nor proteins can flip-flop
While lipids can rarely flip-flop, proteins cannot
1. nucleotide
2. nucleosome
3. purine base
4. nucleoside
nucleotide