1. Loss of hardness with time
2. Loss of toughness with time
3. Increase in hardness with time
4. Appearance of the oxide scales
Increase in hardness with time
1. A slow arte of cooling
2. Fast rate of cooling
3. A high carbon equivalent
4. The addition of calcium carbonate
Fast rate of cooling
1. Low density
2. High strength
3. High strength to weight ratio
4. High toughness
High strength to weight ratio
1. 0.15%
2. 0.51%
3. 0.87%
4. 1.8%
0.15\%
1. High hardness
2. High toughness
3. Combined hardness and toughness
4. High strength
Combined hardness and toughness
1. Process annealing
2. Hardening and tempering
3. Normalizing and stress relieving
4. Homogenizing
Hardening and tempering
1. Shore scleroscope
2. Brinell
3. Rockwell
4. Vockers
Shore scleroscope
1. Crushing using impact
2. Ball mill
3. Liquid metal spray
4. Electrolytic deposition
Ball mill
1. All the pore reduces in size
2. The powder particles fuse and join together
3. The powder particles do not melt but a bond is formed between them
4. Some of the pores grow
The powder particles do not melt but a bond is formed between them
1. Material cost
2. Machining cost
3. Equipment cost
4. Tool related cost
Machining cost