1. Heavy continuous chip
2. Lighter continuous chip
3. Tightly curled continuous chip
4. Short, broken one in the shape of ‘figure 9’ chip
Short, broken one in the shape of ‘figure 9’ chip
1. Different materials and with tool geometry
2. Cutting speed
3. Feed
4. Machine used
Different materials and with tool geometry
1. Ductile metal
2. Brittle material
3. Heat treated material
4. With lot of pressure and heat against the tool
Ductile metal
1. For safety of operator
2. To minimise heat generation
3. Permit easy access of coolant at tool point
4. Permit short generated chips
Permit short generated chips
1. Chips become blue
2. Chattering starts
3. Cuter looks dull
4. Certain amount of wear or crate ring occurs on the flank
Certain amount of wear or crate ring occurs on the flank
1. 0.2 mm
2. 0.8 mm
3. 1.6 mm
4. 2.5 mm
0.8 mm
1. 2000C
2. 5400C
3. 7600C
4. 8700C
5400C
1. Increase depth of cut
2. Increase feed rate
3. Decrease cutting speed
4. Increase cutting speed
Increase depth of cut
1. Becomes smaller and finally does not format all
2. Becomes bigger
3. Has nothing to do with speed
4. May or may not form depending on other conditions
Becomes smaller and finally does not format all
1. Slow speeds
2. Medium speeds
3. Fast speeds
4. Very fast speeds
Slow speeds