1. b+q
2. b-q
3. (1/2)(b+q)
4. (1/2)(b-q)
(1/2)(b-q)
1. 1,2
2. -1,2
3. -1,-2
4. 1,-2
-1,-2
1. {-1}
2. {0}
3. {-1/2}
4. Φ
{-1/2}
1. 1
2. 2
3. 1/2
4. 1/3
2
1. AGP
2. HP
3. AP
4. GP
GP
1. 0
2. -1
3. 1
4. 2
-1
1. 0
2. 1
3. -1
4. ∞
1
1. Z U (-∞, 0)
2. (-∞, 0)
3. Z
4. R
R
1. 4006/3006
2. 4003/3007
3. 4006/3008
4. 4006/3009
4006/3009
1.
2.
3.
4.