1. The bending stresses in the flanges
2. The vertical shear force at the section
3. The horizontal shear forces between the flanges and the web plate
4. The forces causing buckling in the web
The horizontal shear forces between the flanges and the web plate
1. Undesirable twisting and distortion of end connections
2. Problems in drainage system
3. Psychological effect on users
4. All of the above
All of the above
1. Check the buckling of column
2. Keep the column components in position
3. Check the distortion of column sections at ends because of unbalanced horizontal force from lacings.
4. Prevent rotation of elements.
Check the distortion of column sections at ends because of unbalanced horizontal force from lacings.
1. Diagonal bracing in the plane of lower chord members.
2. Diagonal bracing in the plane of upper chord members.
3. Knee bracing
4. Sway bracing
Diagonal bracing in the plane of lower chord members.
1. Bracing
2. Purlin
3. Truss
4. Column
Bracing
1. Angle sections
2. Channel sections
3. Circular hollow sections
4. Square hollow sections
Channel sections
1. PL/6
2. PL/8
3. PL/12
4. PL/16
PL/8
1. 0.67L
2. L
3. 1.5L
4. 2L
2L
1. 0.0175
2. 0.175
3. 1.75
4. 17.5
1.75
1. Chain reaction can be initiated
2. It becomes uncontrollable
3. It explodes
4. It produces no power
Chain reaction can be initiated