1. Failed to demoralize opponents
2. Overlooked important tactical and geographic considerations
3. Underestimated international resolve
4. Fell behind technological advancements of European enemies
5. Failed to consolidate initial military and land gains
Overlooked important tactical and geographic considerations
1. The speed of the German military
2. The brutality of the German military
3. The plan to stifle dissent
4. The belief that instilling fear weakened enemies
5. The history of overlooking European military brutality
The history of overlooking European military brutality
1. The inaction of European neighbours
2. The example of Napoleon
3. The philosophy of Genghis Kahn
4. The counsel of a military general
5. The small size of Poland
The counsel of a military general
1. Generals summoned to Obersalzberg; Invaded Poland; Invaded Denmark; the Battle of Britain; Battle at Stalingrad
2. Generals summoned to Obersalzberg; Invaded Denmark; Invaded Poland; the Battle of Britain; Battle at Stalingrad
3. Generals summoned to Obersalzberg; Invaded Denmark; Invaded Poland; Battle at Stalingrad; the Battle of Britain
4. Generals summoned to Obersalzberg; Invaded Poland; Invaded Denmark; Battle at Stalingrad; the Battle of Britain
5. Generals summoned to Obersalzberg; the Battle of Britain; Invaded Poland; Invaded Denmark; Battle at Stalingrad
Generals summoned to Obersalzberg; Invaded Poland; Invaded Denmark; the Battle of Britain; Battle at Stalingrad
1. No clear cut answer as to the legality of SWIFT's cooperation existed
2. SWIFT failed to adequately consult its legal staff before deciding to cooperate
3. The volume of money routed through SWIFT declined after its cooperation became public
4. U.S. authorities threatened criminal charges if SWIFT refused their subpoenas
5. Treasury Department officials objected to the publication of information about its classified program
No clear cut answer as to the legality of SWIFT's cooperation existed
1. The U.S. government can subpoena information that pertains to its citizens
2. SWIFT executives believed another catastrophic attack was imminent
3. Providing data to the government based upon a valid subpoena did not explicitly violate SWIFT policy
4. Despite ostensibly poor oversight, senior Treasury Department officials assured SWIFT that data would be kept confidential
5. U.S. officials told SWIFT officials exactly why Treasury needed the information
Providing data to the government based upon a valid subpoena did not explicitly violate SWIFT policy
1. SWIFT acted inappropriately as it compromised its long-standing values of integrity, privacy, and confidentiality
2. SWIFT's actions cannot be judged with perspicuity as answers to important questions are still unknown
3. SWIFT acted properly as it complied with the requests of a sovereign government in an attempt to save lives
4. SWIFT's actions endangered the flow of commerce by sparking public outrage at an important institution
5. SWIFT's actions were appropriate initially, yet should have been discontinued prior to June 2006
SWIFT's actions cannot be judged with perspicuity as answers to important questions are still unknown
1. Had data stored in Virginia
2. Valued confidentiality and non-disclosure
3. Routes trillions of dollars a day
4. Composed of a consortium of banks
5. After over a month of deliberation, complied with the government's subpoena
After over a month of deliberation, complied with the government's subpoena
1. U.S. government officials decried the leaking of classified information
2. SWIFT executives conducted a thorough internal review to assess the legality of SWIFT's actions
3. Some foreign members of the SWIFT consortium demanded answers from SWIFT's executives
4. Many members of the public and financial community debated SWIFT's decision
5. Financial data and transactions slowed as a result of the publication of SWIFT's cooperation
Financial data and transactions slowed as a result of the publication of SWIFT's cooperation
1. Explain the extent of SWIFT's cooperation with the U.S. government in tracking financial transactions
2. Trace the origin of public outrage, especially among international financial institutions, over SWIFT's cooperation with U.S. authorities
3. Argue that the absence of information and the presence of ethical complexities make judging SWIFT's decision difficult at best
4. Argue that SWIFT's decision amounted to a compromise of SWIFT's principles
5. Provide historical background on a difficult ethical dilemma
Argue that the absence of information and the presence of ethical complexities make judging SWIFT's decision difficult at best