1. 1, 1
2. 1, 0
3. 1, 2
4. 2, 1
1, 2
1. 280 MeV
2. 931.48 MeV
3. 8.314 kJ
4. 4.183 MeV
931.48 MeV
1. 4n
2. 4n+1
3. 4n+2
4. 4n+3
4n+1
1. 13755Cs
2. 9038Sr
3. 14454Xe
4. 14056Ba
13755Cs
1. 23993Np
2. 23994Pu
3. 23892U
4. 23992U
23892U
1. S
2. C
3. P
4. Si
P
1. 6000 years
2. 3000 years
3. 9000 years
4. 12000 years
12000 years
1. by conversion of proton to neutron
2. from outer most orbit
3. by conversion of neutron to proton
4. β-particle is not emitted
by conversion of neutron to proton
1. Uranium-lead method
2. Tracer techniques
3. Carbon-14 dating method
4. Potassium-argon method
Uranium-lead method
1. Lead-208
2. Bismuth-209
3. Lead-206
4. Lead-207
Lead-208