1. Thermite process
2. Hydrogen reduction
3. Carbon reduction
4. Electrolytic reduction
Electrolytic reduction
1. Hydride
2. Chloride
3. Azide
4. Carbonyl
Carbonyl
1. Ni
2. Al
3. Fe
4. Cu
Ni
1. Si
2. Al
3. O
4. Fe
O
1. Ga and In
2. Zr and Ti
3. Ag and Au
4. Ni and Fe
Zr and Ti
1. Cupellation
2. Poling
3. Electrolytic refining
4. Zone refining
5. Van Arkel process
Van Arkel process
1. Au
2. Ag
3. Cu
4. Na
Au
1. High temperature reduction with carbon
2. Self reduction
3. Thermal decomposition
4. Electrolysis of fused ionic salts
Electrolysis of fused ionic salts
1. Catalyst
2. Gangue
3. Flux
4. Slag
Flux
1. Manganese
2. Carbon
3. Silicon
4. Phosphorus
Carbon