1. reciprocal cross
2. test cross
3. dihybrid cross
4. back cross
test cross
1. Rhizobium — Parasite in the roots of leguminous plants
2. Mycorrhizae — Mineral uptake from soil
3. Yeast — Production of biogas
4. Myxomycetes — The disease ringworm
Mycorrhizae — Mineral uptake from soil
1. squamous epithelium
2. columnar epithelium
3. cilated epithelium
4. cubical epithelium
cilated epithelium
1. Deposition of callose on sieve plates
2. Providing energy for active translocation
3. Autolytic enzymes
4. Sealing mechanism on wounding
Sealing mechanism on wounding
1. Decondensation from chromosomes and reassembly of the nuclear lamina
2. Transcription from chromosomes and reassembly of the nuclear lamina
3. Formation of the contractile ring and formation of the phragmoplast
4. Formation of the contractile ring and transcription from chromosomes
Decondensation from chromosomes and reassembly of the nuclear lamina
1. colour blindness and body height
2. attached ear lobe and rhesus blood group
3. haemophilia and red-green colour blindness
4. phenylketonuria and haemophilia
haemophilia and red-green colour blindness
1. Femur, malleus, tibia, metatarsals
2. Pelvis, ulna, patella, tarsals
3. Sternum, femur, tibia, fibula
4. Tarsals, femur, metatarsals, tibia
Tarsals, femur, metatarsals, tibia
1. Shark and sucker fish — Commensalism
2. Red algae and fungi in lichens — Mutualism
3. Orchids growing on trees — Parasitism
4. Cuscuta (dodder) growing on other-flowering plants-Epiphytism
Shark and sucker fish — Commensalism
1. A => Millipede, C => Ventral nerve cord, T => Arachnida
2. A => Duckbilled platypus, C => Oviparous, T => Mammalian
3. A => Silverfish, C => Pectorol and pelvic fins, T => Chordate
4. A => Sea anemone, C=> Triploblastic, T => Cnidaria
A => Duckbilled platypus, C => Oviparous, T => Mammalian
1. Human height and skin colour
2. ABO blood group in humans and flower colour of Mirabilis jalapa
3. Hair pigment of mouse and tongue rolling in humans
4. Human eye colour and sickle cell anaemia
Human height and skin colour