1. large and thin
2. small and thin
3. large and thick
4. small and thick
small and thick
1. increase in primary consumers
2. net production of primary producers
3. CO2fixation of organic carbon
4. increase in mortality of primary producers
CO2fixation of organic carbon
1. maximum number
2. maximum biomass
3. the ultimate consumer in the chain
4. minimum biomass
the ultimate consumer in the chain
1. mutualism
2. protocooperation
3. Commensalism
4. Amensalism
protocooperation
1. Biotic community
2. Population
3. Herd
4. Family
Biotic community
1. Lithophytes
2. Ermophytes
3. Chasmophytes
4. Psammophytes
Chasmophytes
1. Mosses
2. Liverworts
3. Ferns
4. Grasses
Grasses
1. Aristida
2. Heteropogon
3. Poa
4. Tortula
Heteropogon
1. warning mimicry
2. alluring mimicry
3. protective colouration
4. camouflage
alluring mimicry
1. Morphological
2. Temporal
3. Chemical
4. Developmental
Morphological