1. 3:1
2. 1:2:1
3. 1:1
4. 9:3:3:1
1:2:1
1. Incomplete dominance
2. Codominance
3. Epistasis
4. Pleiotropism
Epistasis
1. Crossing over
2. Chiasmata
3. Recombination
4. Linkage
Chiasmata
1. Chromosomal mutuations
2. Indunced mutuations
3. Gene mutuations
4. Spontaneous mutuations
Spontaneous mutuations
1. Chromosome -4
2. Chromosome-7
3. Chromosome-11
4. Chromosome-12
Chromosome-7
1. Euploid
2. Aneuploid
3. Monoploid
4. Polyploid
Monoploid
1. 3:1
2. 1:2:1
3. 9:3:3:1
4. 1:1:1:1
1:2:1
1. 9:3:3; 1
2. 1:2:1
3. 1:1:1:1
4. 4:1
1:1:1:1
1. ZZ-ZW
2. XX-XY
3. XO-XX
4. ZZ-WW
ZZ-ZW
1. 3:1
2. 1:2:1
3. 1:1:1:1
4. 9:7
1:2:1