1. Ctenophora and Platyhelminthes
2. Mollusca and echinodermata
3. Annelida and arthropoda
4. Coelnterata and porifera
Annelida and arthropoda
1. Special creation
2. Evolution due to mutation
3. Retrogressive evolution
4. Biogeographical evolution
Biogeographical evolution
1. Homologous and vestigal organs
2. Analogous and vestigal organs
3. Homologous organs only
4. Homologous and analogous organs
Homologous and vestigal organs
1. Potassium - organ method
2. Uranium - lead method
3. Electron - Spin resonance method
4. Radio - carbon method
Electron - Spin resonance method
1. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and fossil DNA
2. Study of carbohydrates/protein in rocks
3. Study of carbohydrates/protein in fossils
4. Study of conditions of fossilization
Electron spin resonance (ESR) and fossil DNA
1. Dogfish and whale
2. Rat and dog
3. Bacterium and protozoan
4. Starfish and cuttle fish
Dogfish and whale
1. Organs with anatomical similarities but performing different functions
2. Organs with anatomical dissimilarities but performing same functions
3. Organs that have no function now but had an important function in ancestors
4. Organs appearing only in embroynic stage and disappearing later in the adult
Organs with anatomical similarities but performing different functions
1. Mesozoic
2. Coenozoic
3. Palaeozoic
4. Psychozoic
Mesozoic
1. Wings of insects and bat
2. Gills of fish and lungs of rabbit
3. Wings of bat and forelimbs of horse
4. Wings of grasshopper and crow
Wings of bat and forelimbs of horse
1. Wings of bat and locust
2. Wings of bat and bird
3. Hind legs of cockroach and hind legs of frog
4. Pectoral fins of fish and wings of birds
Wings of bat and bird